Pneumonia the Silent Killer - 895 Words

Running Head: PNEUMONIA: THE SILENT KILLER Exploring Pneumonia: A Silent Killer Abstract This paper explores Pneumonia and the respiratory disease process associated with bacterial and viral pathogens most commonly located in the lung. The paper examines the process, symptoms and treatments most commonly viewed in patient cases of Pneumonia. My goal is to educate the reader and to warn of the Exploring Pneumonia: A Silent Killer Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. Many different organisms can cause it, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Pneumonia can range from mild to severe, and can even be deadly. The severity depends on the type of organism causing pneumonia, as well as your age and underlying health.†¦show more content†¦High-dose amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate. Many people can be treated at home with antibiotics. If you have an underlying chronic disease, severe symptoms, or low oxygen levels, you will likely require hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics and oxygen therapy. Infants and the elderly are more commonly admittedShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Consequences of Tobacco1042 Words   |  5 Pagesproblems to those who do smoke, causes second hand smoking, and causes gum diseases. Too many people in the world today are dying mainly because of the diseases tobacco brings forth, and one of those diseases is lung cancer. Lung cancer is a silent killer, no doubt. According Laura Unger, lung cancer shows no symptoms until it is too late, and if left untreated, it most definitely will spread all over the lungs of the body. There are so many branches of lung cancer, but most importantly carcinomaRead MoreInfluenza As An Influenza Virus1426 Words   |  6 Pageschickens. 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Among the long list of terminal and fatal diseases that plagued the battlefield as well as the operating table and hospitals were dysentery (a severe form of diarrhea which was very common among the soldiers), measles, small pox, malaria, pneumonia, and â€Å"camp itch† which was caused by skin disease and insects. Malaria was usually brought on by camping in damp areas, where mosquitos were prone to. There were many factors that came into play which explained why disease spread so rapidly. AmongRead MoreHiv And Aids : A World Of Biological Beauty And Intelligence Essay1817 Words   |  8 Pageseating disease HIV .Human Immunodeficncy Virus or HIV was tested positive in a man from Congo. H IV is the attack by a disease of the body’s immune system essentially decaying it over time. With the simple symptoms of the common influenza HIV is a silent killer with more than 70 million infections globally and more than 35 million deaths (World Health Organisation, 2015). HIV can be transmitted in many different ways, as well as having multiple symptoms and signs. There is no current cure for HIV or AIDSRead MoreThe Day I Will Start The Dream2009 Words   |  9 Pagessprawled across the floor, a normal result of my flashbacks. I hauled myself up and went downstairs to get some breakfast before my cousins, Scarlett, Alex, and Gemma realized I had another flashback. They definitely wouldn’t let me go to find the killers if they knew I kept having flashbacks. Once I got to the kitchen, I realized our chef wasn’t awake to make breakfast because it was 4 o’clock in the morning. I decided to waste a few hours training, so I would be hungry for breakfast. I startedRead MoreChemical Pollution And The Silent Killer Essay1934 Words   |  8 Pagesearth for in just a few years. In fact, the earth is badly polluted with â€Å"...tens of thousands of chemicals in use today throughout the world† (Noyes and Lema). Unfortunately, some are recorded as unknown or poorly tested. Chemical pollution, the silent killer, brings us a step closer to the destruction of the earth every day. Therefore, humans must take action to stop the overuse of chemical substances because of their tremendous negative impact on organisms’ health, their link to ecological disasters

Change and Inner Journey Free Essays

â€Å"Any Journey includes both realities and possibilities†, the three texts that we have studied in class, the film ‘Pleasantville’ by Gary Ross and the poems ‘Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost and ‘Journey to the Interior’ by Margaret Atwood, support this idea as these texts include the protagonist having embarked on not only physical and interior journeys in reality but also imaginary. The journey is known to be imaginary for the audience, but for the characters of the text these journeys have led them to be in a different stage in life, not only physical but internally, evolving into different people or having what become completely different people due to these journeys. In the 1977 film ‘Pleasantville’ by Gary Ross, the protagonists, David and Jennifer begin their physical journey when they are â€Å"sucked† into the 1950’s television program â€Å"pleasantville† when it becomes imaginary; impossible. We will write a custom essay sample on Change and Inner Journey or any similar topic only for you Order Now When their journey was first embarked David and Jennifer where very different characters which is juxtaposed with the fact that they are brother and sister. At the beginning of the film David is portrayed as an awkward teenage boy, not being the popular one at school and definitely not having many friends. David is shown as being unhappy with his life and is therefore outlined using the television program â€Å"pleasantville† as an escape. In Ross’s film this is shown in a scene between David and his mother, David’s mother is shown on the phone arguing to his father about who received custody of the children on that weekend, the audience can see the distance between the children and parents, this is one of the complications in David’s life. David is depicted sitting in the next room watching his favourite T. V program â€Å"pleasantville†, a close-up is used on David’s face to show his intense concentration on the program, he attempts to block out his mothers voice as she becomes louder by also increasing the volume of the television. What David longs for is to be a part of Pleasantville where there is zero negativity. Opposed with David is his sister Jennifer. Typical 90’s teenage girl, Jennifer wears the latest clothes, and dating the â€Å"coolest† boys in school, her main priority is increasing her rank in the social ladder. These differences are depicted in a scene from the playground when David sits and talks to his friend about Pleasantville, the camera then pans the playground to the opposite side of a fence, where Jennifer is seen alking to her friends. The pan shows the distance between the two characters, whilst the objective of the fence is to act as a symbolic object symbolising their differences. Once they are transported into pleasantville, physical and imaginative journey, David takes the role of â€Å"Bud† one of the protagonists in the program and Jennifer now taking on the role of â€Å"Mary Sue†, the roles of David and Jennifer have changed as David understands all the values of pleasantville, but it is all new to Jennifer. Due to Jennifer’s lack of knowledge she doesn’t care about Pleantville like David does and she begins to make changes, David isn’t happy, â€Å"we have to play along or we will alter their universe†. Pleantville is David’s fantasy and he doesn’t want it to change in any way, â€Å"maybe it needs to be messed with† said by Jennifer demonstrates her opposing views. This gives the audience the knowledge that things are going to change. These changes are caused when the relationship between Jennifer, â€Å"Mary Sue† and Skip, captain of the basketball team, begins to advance. The beginning of change is depicted by a red rose in the alternate black and white world. Colour is very symbolic in â€Å"Pleasantville†, it signifies not only physical change of pleasantville but also the inner journeys each character undergoes. The values of Pleasantville also change with the physical changes. Individuality is not tolerated and these changes increases the characters ability to have their own thoughts and beliefs. David and Jennifer have remained black and white, even though they have been the cause of all the changes in pleantville, this symbolises that they are also in need for change. The intolerance for individuality is demonstrated when Betty, mother of Bud and Mary Sue, feel the need to hide the fact that she has also become coloured to conform to the norms of society, â€Å"I cant go out there looking like this† the grey make up is juxtaposed with the colour. Betty’s personal inner journey deals with her appreciating her individuality therefore her colour. Her values as a housewife are also tested. David and Jennifer’s values and characteristics are also shaped and moulded, these changes occurred in when their physical journey became and inner journey. David is more confident and content with who he is, and Jennifer also begins to appreciate herself a lot more and begins making personal changes such as studying and reading books. Once the two protagonists have reached the end of their inner journeys, they too become coloured. At the end of the film the audience is presented with the understanding that David and Jennifer have gone through a physical and inner journey not only in reality but in possibilities. â€Å"The Road not taken† by Robert Frost is an analogy of an inner journey in the form of a physical journey. â€Å"two roads lay in the yellow woods† this allows the reader to see the obvious possibilities involved in the journey the protagonist is undergoing, it also gives the reader the appearance of a physical journey. The audience will then come to an understanding that it is also an inner journey, the fork in the road outlines the decisions and options one must make in life, and there is always more than one. Robert Frost creates the atmosphere that one can only choose one path in life and it determines everything, one must choose the path that is best suited for themselves although you may not know what the future holds, â€Å"looking down both, not seeing past where the path meets the undergrowth†. The path that is chosen will grow and change the character of the person, therefore being an inner journey. The â€Å"yellow woods† are symbolic as they represent maturity. â€Å"I choose the one less travelled by and that made all the difference† this quote suggest that Frost has chosen the less popular option in his life, maybe utilising harder work, but that made all the difference in his future. The readers have great feeling that he has also grown as a person. â€Å"Journey to the Interior† by Margaret Atwood is another analogy of an inner journey in a physical journey. Atwood uses the Canadian landscape to describe her conscience, she describes it as being â€Å"dark† and â€Å"spindly† also calling it â€Å"poor land†. Atwood allows the reader to feel as if inner journey to find oneself are treacherous and dangerous, and if undergoing a physical journey which will eventually be part of the inner journey one is presented with many distractions, a person may also feel completely lost and incapable like being caught â€Å"in tangles of branches† or an â€Å"invincible net of air†. Like Robert Frost, Atwood makes the future seem uncertain, full of possibilities that one can not prepare for she describes the future as â€Å"not the easy going from point to point, a dotted line on a map†¦ †, she also mentions that one can not take directions from others on their own personal journey, they must be their own guide â€Å"a compass is useless†¦ †. In her poem Margaret Atwood explains that a person must make time to find their inner self, keeping focused on the journey they began â€Å"whatever I do I must keep my head†, causing changes and becoming a better and happier version of their former self. These three text have outlined that any journey includes both realities and possibilities as there is always more than one option in life and in any situation presented. These possibilities and realities are also determined with the individual and how far they plan to exceed in their journeys. How to cite Change and Inner Journey, Essay examples

The Atlantic Slave Trade free essay sample

Over the course of more than three and a half centuries, the forcible transportation in bondage of innocent men, women, and children from their African homelands to the Americas changed forever the face and character Of the modern world. The slave trade was brutal and horrific, and the enslavement of at least twelve million Africans was cruel and dehumidifying.Together, they represent one of the longest and cost sustained assaults on the very life and dignity of human beings in history. Nobody knew slavery as well as the ex-slaves themselves, which is why their stories are highly accepted. Narratives were the only way for slaves to truly express their hardship. Slave narratives are a big part of history even though it is a difficult to reflect back on, especially for the African people. The transatlantic slave trade laid the foundation for modern capitalism, generating immense wealth for business enterprises in America and Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on The Atlantic Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The trade contributed to the industrialization of northwestern Europe and reared a single Atlantic world that included Western Europe, Western Africa, the Caribbean islands, and the mainland of North and South America. Even though the slave trade brought tremendous growth for their economies, there was a negative effect on the people of Africa. A common misconception was that Europeans invaded Africa and force innocent Africans into the slave trade, which is not true. Europeans were responsible for the slave trading system, but they never ambushed the natives.Most slaves that were forcibly moved to other continents were already slaves in their homeland at one point in their lives. Locations in sub- Sahara Africa were original lands of captivity for nearly all who later forcibly departed from the continent (Larson, peg. 450). In Africa, slavery was never something to be proud of. Ex-slaves were too ashamed to admit to ever being a slave because that image tainted their family history as explained by Larson in Horrid Journeying. It was common for them to tell people that they were slave owners rather than admit to being slaves.Unfortunately, slave narratives were portrayed very differently in the United States compared to Africa. In most parts of Africa, family stories Of slavery remain a powerful stain on honor with serious implications for social relationships and legal standing. Informants are more likely to claim histories of slave ownership than to admit servile origins, a pattern mostly contrary to that in the Americas (Larson, peg. 434). In contrast, ex-slaves in America were not afraid to talk about their pasts. They took great pride in gaining their freedom back after suffering from their servile pasts.Many of these narratives were questioned for validity; therefore they are not used as historical evidence. The most popular way of presenting rarities were passed down through oral traditions, generation to generation while in the privacy of kin. Most of the Africans that have experienced slavery first-hand have either already passed away or are reluctant to admit their servile past so it makes gathering accurate information an obstacle. An additional obstacle is the curtailed memory of capture and transportation offered in many slave narratives. The slaves had no choice but to repress their painful memories. None of them seemed to remember much of their lives before America. They blocked all traumatic experiences including childhood memories because their main focus was arrival. A large number of slaves, perhaps the majority, were kept in Africa, yet none remember any of it, which is a big problem for the construction of history. Leaving Africa caused a lot of pain for the slaves. They were lied to about their destinations and eventually hopes fade, especially with children like Guano.Guano was lied to about being taken to see his father and ended up living the life of a slave. Sometimes intimates of their captives, slavers often used personal information to ensnare youthful victims (Larson, peg. 445). Some slaves had hope and desired to eventually return home, while there lost a sense of their sub-Sahara homes and sought social and religious integration into their masters societies according to Fatima Barks narrative in Horrid Journeying: Narratives of Enslavement and the Global African Diaspora.While most of them successfully integrated into their new societies, there was still a strong sense Of alienation. There was a strong bond between these victims, therefore they constructed cultural and community building strategies. The slave trade has always been a big issue throughout the course of history. This immorality of treating human beings like animals happened over time span of over three and a half centuries. This time period represents the longest and most painful violation on a human race throughout history.Innocent men, women, and children were lied to and seized from their homeland to serve others. These victims shared their experiences through narratives. Without narratives, nobody would realize the hardships they put through. Slave narratives are a big part of history even though it is a difficult to reflect back on, especially for the African people.

The Young Offenders Act - The Truth Essays (544 words)

The Young Offenders Act - The Truth? The Young Offenders Act - The Truth? This essay was written to show the advantages and disadvantages of the Young Offenders Act over the previous Juvenile Delinquents Act. Also it should give a theoretical understanding of the current Canadian Juvenile-Justice system, the act and it's implications and the effects of the young offenders needs and mental health on the outcome of the trials. In the interest of society the young offenders act was brought forth on april second 1984. This act was created to ensure the rights and the needs of a young person. Alan W. Leshied says "On one hand the justice and legal objectives of the act are being effectively realized while on the other hand the needs and treatment aspects of it leave much to be desired." The research of the Young offenders act is still ongoing but Leshied says that it is becoming clear that the custody positions have been in dispute since the act came into effect. The old Juvenile delinquency act states in section 38 "The care and custody and discipline of a juvenile delinquent shall approximate as nearly as maybe that which should be given by his parents, and... as far as practability every juvenile delinquent shall be treated, not as a criminal, but as a misguided and misdirected child . . . needing aid, encouragement, help and assistance."(Page 72) If a youth is close to the adult age of 18 years they could be transfered to the adult justice system. This means that they would be given the same sentences as an adult including and up to life in prison. Many people have tried to correct this problem that they see as a weakness. Yet, so far their attempts have failed. Another weakness they find, is that the courts are expensive and unsatisfactory methods of dealing with crime that is not very serious. Before the fabrication of legal aid most young offenders were not able to obtain legal services. "Subsection 11 (4) provides that, were a young person wishes to obtain counsel but is not able to do so, the youth-court judge shall refer the young person to the provincial legal-aid, or assistance program. If no such program is available or the young person is unable to obtain counsel through an available program, the youth court judge may, and on the request of the young person shall direct the young person to be represented by counsel." To establish a relationship between the young offender and the lawyer, thew lawyer must be able to receive instructions from his/her client. Usually there is little difficulty either receiving or carrieing out the instructions of his/her client. Special problems can arise when the client is a young person. The problems faced by this, is the young person may not be able to communicate with counsel. While the lawyer and young person need not a specific statement for the client as to a preferred outcome it should take form of a general expression of the client's feelings or attitudes in the major issues of the precedings the young person must be able to make decisions that may hold significant repercussions. Mental health of the young offender can also be a problem. Currently this issue is not addressed in the Young Offenders Act, before the mental health act can be enacted, extremely dangerous behaviour must be displayed. Before the age of 16 they are sometimes placed in hospitals for a short time under the authority of the legal guardians.

Pennsylvania and Kansas essays

Pennsylvania and Kansas essays Kansas and Pennsylvania are two beautiful states. Pennsylvania was the second of the original thirteen colonies being admitted into statehood on December 12, 1787. (Pre-Statehood) Kansas on January 29, 1861 was the thirty-fourth state admitted into statehood, seventy-four years after Pennsylvania. (Pre-Statehood) Kansas has strong agricultural production in wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and corn, while Pennsylvania produces dairy, poultry, nursery stock, mushrooms and hay. (Pre-Statehood) Professional sports teams have a greater impact in Pennsylvania than in Kansas, with Kansas only having three professional sports teams to Pennsylvanias seven. Kansas and Pennsylvania are two states that differ in size, population, agriculture, and professional sports. On the one hand, Kansas population is 2,694,641. (U.S Census Bureau) White persons 86.1%, Black or African-Americans 5.7%, Hispanic or Latino Origin 7.0%, Asian persons 1.7%, American Indian and Alaska Native 0.9%. (U.S Census Bureau) The three largest cities by population in Kansas are Wichita, Overland Park, and Kansas City. (Almanac) Wichitas population is 344,284, Overland Park has 149,080 and Kansas City has 146,866 people. (Almanac) Kansas has a land mass of 82,282 square miles. (Geography) It also contains 81,823 square miles of land and 459 square miles of water. (Geography) On the other hand, Pennsylvanias population in 2000 was 12,281,054 people. (Almanac) The population breakdown is as follows: White persons 85.4%, Black or African-Americans 10.0%, Hispanic or Latino Origin 3.2%, Asian persons 1.8%, American Indian and Alaska Native 0.1%. (U.S Census Bureau) Pennsylvania has 44,520 square miles of land and 1,239 square miles of water. (Geography) The Great Lakes spans an area of 749 square miles. (Geography) The most important crops for Kansas are wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and corn. (Kansas) The variety of climate and rich soil makes Kansas outs...

Understanding the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Understanding the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Heisenbergs uncertainty principle is one of the cornerstones of quantum physics, but it is often not deeply understood by those who have not carefully studied it. While it does, as the name suggests, define a certain level of uncertainty at the most fundamental levels of nature itself, that uncertainty manifests in a very constrained way, so it doesnt affect us in our daily lives. Only carefully constructed experiments can reveal this principle at work.   In 1927, the German physicist Werner Heisenberg put forth what has become known as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (or just uncertainty principle or, sometimes, Heisenberg principle). While attempting to build an intuitive model of quantum physics, Heisenberg had uncovered that there were certain fundamental relationships which put limitations on how well we could know certain quantities. Specifically, in the most straightforward application of the principle: The more precisely you know the position of a particle, the less precisely you can simultaneously know the momentum of that same particle. Heisenberg Uncertainty Relationships Heisenbergs uncertainty principle is a very precise mathematical statement about the nature of a quantum system. In physical and mathematical terms, it constrains the degree of precision we can ever talk about having about a system. The following two equations (also shown, in prettier form, in the graphic at the top of this article), called the Heisenberg uncertainty relationships, are the most common equations related to the uncertainty principle: Equation 1: delta- x * delta- p is proportional to h-barEquation 2: delta- E * delta- t is proportional to h-bar The symbols in the above equations have the following meaning: h-bar: Called the reduced Planck constant, this has the value of the Plancks constant divided by 2*pi.delta-x: This is the uncertainty in position of an object (say of a given particle).delta-p: This is the uncertainty in momentum of an object.delta-E: This is the uncertainty in energy of an object.delta-t: This is the uncertainty in time measurement of an object. From these equations, we can tell some physical properties of the systems measurement uncertainty based upon our corresponding level of precision with our measurement. If the uncertainty in any of these measurements gets very small, which corresponds to having an extremely precise measurement, then these relationships tell us that the corresponding uncertainty would have to increase, to maintain the proportionality. In other words, we cannot simultaneously measure both properties within each equation to an unlimited level of precision. The more precisely we measure position, the less precisely we are able to simultaneously measure momentum (and vice versa). The more precisely we measure time, the less precisely we are able to simultaneously measure energy (and vice versa). A Common Though the above may seem very strange, theres actually a decent correspondence to the way we can function in the real (that is, classical) world. Lets say that we were watching a race car on a track and we were supposed to record when it crossed a finish line. We are supposed to measure not only the time that it crosses the finish line but also the exact speed at which it does so. We measure the speed by pushing a button on a stopwatch at the moment we see it cross the finish line and we measure the speed by looking at a digital read-out (which is not in line with watching the car, so you have to turn your head once it crosses the finish line). In this classical case, there is clearly some degree of uncertainty about this, because these actions take some physical time. Well see the car touch the finish line, push the stopwatch button, and look at the digital display. The physical nature of the system imposes a definite limit upon how precise this can all be. If youre focusing on try ing to watch the speed, then you may be off a bit when measuring the exact time across the finish line, and vice versa. As with most attempts to use classical examples to demonstrate quantum physical behavior, there are flaws with this analogy, but its somewhat related to the physical reality at work in the quantum realm. The uncertainty relationships come out of the wave-like behavior of objects at the quantum scale, and the fact that its very difficult to precisely measure the physical position of a wave, even in classical cases. Confusion about the Uncertainty Principle Its very common for the uncertainty principle to get confused with the phenomenon of the observer effect in quantum physics, such as that which manifests during the Schroedingers cat thought experiment. These are actually two completely different issues within quantum physics, though both tax our classical thinking. The uncertainty principle is actually a fundamental constraint on the ability make precise statements about the behavior of a quantum system, regardless of our actual act of making the observation or not. The observer effect, on the other hand, implies that if we make a certain type of observation, the system itself will behave differently than it would without that observation in place. Books on Quantum Physics and the Uncertainty Principle: Because of its central role in the foundations of quantum physics, most books that explore the quantum realm will provide an explanation of the uncertainty principle, with varying levels of success. Here are some of the books which do it the best, in this humble authors opinion. Two are general books on quantum physics as a whole, while the other two are as much biographical as scientific, giving real insights into the life and work of Werner Heisenberg: The Amazing Story of Quantum Mechanics by James KakaliosThe Quantum Universe by Brian Cox and Jeff ForshawBeyond Uncertainty: Heisenberg, Quantum Physics, and the Bomb by David C. CassidyUncertainty: Einstein, Heisenberg, Bohr, and the Struggle for the Soul of Science by David Lindley

Microeconomic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Microeconomic Analysis - Essay Example This leads to creation of awareness of the product and thus an increase in the demand. The cost of other substitutes: electricity is the major substitute to solar panels (Denholm 2007). The high cost of electricity as compared to solar panels is pulling away many individuals to consumer the solar panels. Between 2006 and 2011, Europe represented more than 70 percent of global solar installations. In 2008 and 2010, the region made up roughly 85 percent of installations, the supply of solar panels therefore is a major factor in determining whether to venture into the contract business (Denholm 2007). Supply in the number of commodities the suppler is willing to sell at a given period of time. With the government intervention in the supply of the commodities the supplies have a ready market to supply to. This therefore enhances the demand to supply the commodity. The willingness of individual households and businesses to install solar panels is a major boost to the willingness of the suppler to produce the goods. Then levels of inventory have remained low in the recent past and therefore the venture is a great opportunity for Cindy. The region has expressed a huge market for solar panels with the government subsidy and the high cost of substitutes then the business is most likely to be a profitable venture for Cindy (Denholm 2007). I recommend her to venture into contract installation of solar panels and will definitely get the return on

What is the best way to learn a second language Essay

What is the best way to learn a second language - Essay Example er will consider speaking with native speakers as the preeminent manner of assimilating a new language, immersing one’s self in the community or using technological advancements in order to understand and speak the language well. Experiences of people proved that communicating with native speakers will help a person learn a new language speedily and more effectively. Therefore, the best way of learning a language is to speak with people who are fluent in the language. By communicating with native speakers, one does not only get the chance of speaking the language but also listens and gets used to the arrangement of words, grammar and other important features of the language. This speeds up the process because it demands a person’s analytical skills to be put into practice, thereby making him understand the language better. One good thing to consider is perhaps for a learner to live with the native speakers if possible. Staying with a family could be very helpful for the learner because he could observe them better and understand their manner of speech as he gets to know the members of the family. When this is not possible, living within a community of native speakers would be a good idea because a learner will have more time to communicate with the people around him. Listening to the people alone can be of great help because the learner will get used to the sounds of the language. Communicating with them will definitely be a huge advantage because one gets to practice and experiment on his observations and the things he is learning. The person applies what he learns right away and therefore, he can correct himself the earliest possible time through his observations among the native speakers. In addition, one can also quickly learn a new language through the use of technological gadgets which are readily available these days. When living with a family or community of native speakers is impossible, one can still immerse himself in the company of native

Personality Attributes Essay Example for Free

Personality Attributes Essay Locus of control  is a theory in  personality psychology  referring to the extent to which individuals believe that they can control events that affect them. Understanding of the concept was developed by  Julian B. Rotter  in 1954, and has since become an aspect of personality studies. A persons locus (Latin for place or location) is conceptualised as either internal (the person believes they can control their life) or external (meaning they believe that their decisions and life are controlled by environmental factors which they cannot influence). Individuals with a high internal locus of control believe that events in their life derive primarily from their own actions; for example, if a person with an internal locus of control does not perform as well as they wanted to on a test, they would blame it on lack of preparedness on their part. If they performed well on a test, they would attribute this to ability to study. [1]. In the test-performance example, if a person with a high external locus of control does poorly on a test, they might attribute this to the difficulty of the test questions. If they performed well on a test, they might think the teacher was lenient or that they were lucky. [1] Those with a high internal locus of control exhibit better control of their behavior[citation needed], tend to be more politically involved[citation needed]  and are more likely to attempt to influence others than are those with an external locus of control. [citation needed]  They also assign greater likelihood to their efforts being successful, and more actively seek information concerning their situation. [citation needed] Locus of control has generated much research in a variety of areas in psychology. The construct is applicable to fields such as educational psychology, health psychology or clinical psychology. There will probably continue to be debate about whether specific or more global measures of locus of control will prove to be more useful. Careful distinctions should also be made between locus of control (a concept linked with expectancies about the future) and attributional style (a concept linked with explanations for past outcomes), or between locus of control and concepts such as self-efficacy. The importance of locus of control as a topic in psychology is likely to remain quite central for many years. Locus of control has also been included as one of four dimensions of  core self-evaluations  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ ones fundamental appraisal of oneself – along with  neuroticism,  self-efficacy, and  self-esteem. [2]  The concept of core self-evaluations was first examined by Judge, Locke, and Durham (1997), and since has proven to have the ability to predict several work outcomes, specifically, job satisfaction and job performance 2. Machiavelllianism: Machiavellianism is also a term that some social and personality  psychologists  use to describe a persons tendency to be emotionally cool and detached, and thus more able to detach from conventional morality and to  deceive  and  manipulate  others. In the 1960s, Richard Christie and Florence L. Geis developed a test for measuring a persons level of Machiavellianism. Measured on the Mach-IV scale, males are on average slightly more Machiavellian than females  [6]  [8]. Motivation: A 1992 review described Machiavellian motivation as related to cold selfishness and pure instrumentality, and those high on the trait were assumed to pursue their motives (e. g. sex, achievement, sociality) in duplicitous ways. More recent research on the motivations of high Machs compared to low Machs found that they gave high priority to money, power, and competition and relatively low priority to community building, self-love, and family concerns. High Machs admitted to focusing on unmitigated achievement and winning at any cost. Due to their skill at interpersonal manipulation, there has often been an assumption that high Machs possess superior intelligence, or ability to understand other people in social situations. However, research has firmly established that Machiavellianism is unrelated to  IQ. Furthermore, studies on  emotional intelligence  have found that high Machiavellianism actually tends to be associated with low emotional intelligence as assessed by both performance and questionnaire measures. Both empathy and emotion recognition have been shown to have negative correlations with Machiavellianism. Additionally, research has shown that Machiavellianism is unrelated to a more advanced theory of mind, that is, the ability to anticipate what others are thinking in social situations. If high Machs actually are skilled at manipulating others this appears to be unrelated to any special cognitive abilities as such Self esteem: Self-esteem  is a term in  psychology  to reflect a  persons overall evaluation or appraisal of his or her own worth. Conversely, low self-monitors do not participate, to the same degree, in expressive control and do not share similar concern for situational appropriateness. Low self-monitors tend to exhibit expressive controls congruent with their own internal states; i. e. beliefs,  attitudes, and  dispositions  regardless of social circumstance. Low self-monitors are often less observant of social context and consider expressing a self-presentation dissimilar from their internal states as a falsehood and undesirable.

Insomnia Essay -- essays research papers

Insomnia comes in many forms and worries people of all ages, most commonly for just a night or two, but sometimes for weeks, months, and even years. Insomnia has many causes. Insomnia is a symptom, much like fever or stomachache. There three symptoms commonly shown by people who have insomnia: difficulty falling asleep, no problem falling asleep but difficulty staying asleep with many awakenings, and waking up too early. Difficulty sleeping at night may be related with the following daytime symptoms: sleepiness, anxiety, impaired memory, impaired concentration, and irritability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three basic types of insomnia. The first type is called transient insomnia -- lasting for up to several nights and is usually caused by excitement or stress. Adults may sleep poorly before a key meeting at work or after a quarrel with his or her partner. Many people sleep worse than usual for the first night or two away from home, particularly if they have traveled across many time zones. Nighttime strong physical movements, the flu or other brief illnesses may disrupt sleep temporarily.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second one is situational insomnia. That is two or three weeks of poor sleep and is often developed during ongoing stress at work or at home. Situations such as job delay, divorced, serious illness or death are primary in this type of insomnia. Relief from the situation that provoked disturbed sleep or accommodation to it usually returns a pers...

Hn 144 Unit 4 Assignment Essay

You will submit a 2–3 page double-spaced paper which should include a cover sheet and references page where you cite the article and the Code of Ethics. These are the only two sources you will need for this Assignment. If you choose to use additional sources, you will need to cite them as well. The paper should be written in APA format using Times New Roman, 12-point font. It should be no less than 500 words and written in paragraph format. You will need to include in-text citations and references. Part B: Ethics are defined as â€Å"a set of moral principles and perceptions about right versus wrong and the resulting philosophy of conduct that is practiced by an individual, group, profession, or culture† (Barker, 2001, p. 159). In the field of human services you will be interacting with individuals with a variety of needs within many systems. Due to the span of diversity among individuals it is important for you to become familiar with the ethical standards as set forth for human service professionals. The following Assignment will require you to find and discuss the importance of the ethical standards as developed by the National Organization of Human Services (NOHS). A code of ethics is â€Å"an explicit statement of the values, principles, and rules of a profession, regulating the conduct of its members† (Barker, 2001, p. 84). For this part of the Assignment, please complete the following: 1. On the internet, locate the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals developed by the National Organization of Human Services. 2. After finding the National Organization of Human Services ethical standards website make sure to bookmark this site as you will continue to reference this website throughout your studies. 3. Based upon the article in Part A, identify one ethical issue that may lead you as a human service professional to review the ethical standards and how you can resolve any ethical concerns. Why are the National Organization of Human Service ethical standards important to follow as you begin to work with individuals, families, groups, and communities? 4. Cite the National Organization of Human Services website and the Halstead article on your reference page. Submitting Your Assignment Put your Assignment in a Word document. Save it in a location, and with a name, that you will remember. When you are ready to submit it, go to the Dropbox and complete the steps below: * Click the link that says â€Å"Submit an Assignment.† * In the â€Å"Submit to Basket† menu, select Unit 4: Assignment * In the â€Å"Comments† field, make sure to add at least the title of your paper. * Click the â€Å"Add Attachments† button. * Follow the steps listed to attach your Word document. * To view your graded work, come back to the Dropbox or go to the Gradebook after your instructor has evaluated it. Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted Assignment. STEVE’S JOURNEY ON THE HERO’S PATH It was a warm afternoon, characteristic of those in New England when one last bit of summer lingers before the emergence of autumn colors. I was a counselor in acollege counseling center, and the afternoon had been quiet as is usual for that time of year when students are first settling in on campus. Our office managerinformed me that a student had just walked in requesting to talk to a counselor about his difficulty sleeping. My first thought was that a student coming forcounseling on a beautiful afternoon and presenting with sleep disturbance would be dealing with the typical issues of a new student adjusting to college. I had no ideajust how atypical my encounter would be. Steve was a tall, slender male student in his early 20s. Upon greeting him, I noticed that his face lacked complete symmetry. The left side of his face was void ofexpression, and when he talked his lips pulled to his right. As we made our way to my office, I also noticed that his gait was unsteady, and he walked cautiously. As Ibegan a standard assessment, Steve told me that he was a junior transfer student who had graduated 3 months earlier from a community college near his home. Hewas away from home for the first time, had taken an apartment off-campus, and was living alone. He explained that he felt nervous about being away at school, washaving trouble sleeping, and needed to address this so that he could do well academically. He told me he had looked forward to attending this school for many yearsand did not want anything to stand in the way of his success. It was Steve’s medical history, however, that revealed the deeper elements of his struggle. At the age of 20, Steve had been a victim of a random violent attack. He had

Biography of Kofi Annan

Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi, Ghana – in what was then the British colony of the Gold Coast. He is a twin, which has a respected status in Ghanaian culture. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means ‘twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's aristocratic families; both their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs. [2] In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, and/or in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. [3] Pronunciation: Annan has said his surname rhymes with â€Å"cannon† in English. [4] From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him â€Å"that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere†. [5] In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, Ghana gained independence from Britain. In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management[6] (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a Master of Science (M. S. ) degree. Annan is fluent in English, French, Kru, other dialects of Akan, and other African languages. [

The Amhara of Ethiopia essays

The Amhara of Ethiopia essays The Amhara are the most politically and culturally dominant group in the Ethiopia. They are the most populous group, representing a fourth of the population of the ethic group Ethiopia. They are located in the central highland plateau of Ethiopia. The Amhara have wondered this land for more than two thousand years and have been isolated from influences of the rest The Amhara haven't changed their way of life much over the past hundreds years, they continue to practice a form of agriculture that involves ox drown plows, simples irrigations systems and simples tools for harvesting crops. Some crops that they harvest are barley, hops beans, wheat, and a grain called teff. The Ahamara were able to grow such crops on these cool temperature highland plateaus because the fertile was blessed with volcanic soil and ample rainfall to make three full harvests per year. Amharic is the language of this culture. It shows its Semitic origin both in its alphabet and words shared with Hebrew and Arabic. The origins derive from a Sabean language spoken by merchants and traders who migrated in Ethiopia from Yemen region of South Arabia about 3000 thousand years ago. Amharic is the language of culture and education, spoken by millions of other Ethiopians and Eritreans as a second language. The Amhara people are Coptic Monophysite Christians. Ancient Amhara culture had a writing system that preserved the ancient teachings of Christianity in a language that is not spoken by people today but remains the language of the church. The language is Geez. Geez is used only in the context of Amhara Christianity; its function is similar to Latin in the Roman Catholic Church. Amhara Christianity is very different than our Christianity; Ethiopian Christianity is loaded with Old Testament religion and folklore as well as elements of a so called "pagan" religion. The Amhara consists of four separate religious belie...

Mailing Gifts to Canada Without Duties or Taxes

Mailing Gifts to Canada Without Duties or Taxes Sending gifts to Canada by mail can incur taxes and fees, just as mailing things to people in other countries does. When you mail presents and other non-commercial presents to friends or relatives in Canada, consider the rules about duties and taxes before arriving at the shipping retailer of your choice. Exempt Gifts Gifts sent to individuals in Canada are exempt from duties and taxes if: The item is worth less than $60 CAN (Be mindful of exchange rates)The item sent is clearly a personal gift and includes a card or notice indicating that it is a gift Gifts That Are Taxed If the gift is worth more than $60 CAN, the recipient will have to pay applicable duties and sales taxes on the value of the gift over $60 CAN. Also, the $60 gift exemption does not apply to tobacco, alcoholic beverages, or advertising material, nor does it apply to  items sent by a business, company, or association. All of these packages would incur fees upon delivery. Getting Around Gift Taxes Taxes and fees cant simply be avoided by giving the gift to the recipient in person, though the recipient can use a personal exemption for gifts if they transport them. Also, the $60 gift exemption cannot be combined with the regular $20 mail exemption available for all items.

Project- Administrative Agencies Research Paper

Project- Administrative Agencies - Research Paper Example The paper will also present a personal critique of the agency and make recommendations for the agency’s future. Purpose for creation of Environmental Protection Agency The Environmental Protection Agency was created with the aim of merging related roles that were formerly administrated by different agencies and organizations. Its overall purpose was however the protection of â€Å"human health and the environment† from activities whose unregulated operations pollutes the environment (National Research Council, p. 8). The agency’s specific purposes are however diverse and includes ensuring measures for good quality of the atmosphere, ensuring that water and water bodies are free from pollutants, promoting hygiene among the society and implementing laws for safeguarding the environment. Its purpose therefore majorly concerns environmental safety for healthy lives (National Research Council, p. 8). The agency’s parent act The Environmental Protection Agency w as a creation of the â€Å"National Environmental policy Act†1 that was legislated in the year 1969 and signed in the year 1970 (National Research Council, p. 7). Under the acts provisions, the government declared intentions to ensure favorable living conditions that would forester human social, economic, and political developments. The agency was then formed to implement the legislation with Congress’ approval under the name of ‘Environmental Protection Agency’ (National Research Council, p. 7) Historical background leading to the agency’s formation Environmental Protection Agency was a culmination of an already developed concern over the environment. Trends into its formation can be traced back to the industrial revolution error. Before the revolution, there existed few pollutants and the environment was considerably safe. However, invention of motor vehicles and further additive to the locomotives’ fuels identified grounds for regulatory m easures. As a result, the â€Å"Clean Air Act†2 was approved to regulate environmental concerns that had been created by smog. This was followed by another environmental legislation in the year 1965, â€Å"Motor Vehicle Pollution Act†3 that aimed at regulating motor vehicles emissions and the ‘Air Quality Act’4 was then formulated in the year 1967 to further control emissions. Consequently, the Environmental Protection Agency, under the National Environmental Policy Act was created in the year 1970 to further the objectives of regulating environmental pollution. The agency was therefore created with the idea of facilitating a healthy environment through regulating pollution agents (Biggs, p. 377). Functions of the agency Functions of the agency majorly entail implementation of its objectives and extend to roles of implementing the objectives. One of the agency’s functions is therefore to ensure that air pollutants are eliminated for a quality enviro nment. Other functions include controlling chemical pollution and other forms of pollution as well as implementing rules that are set under its jurisdiction. The agency, through its statutory powers also formulates regulations to govern mass sources of pollutants such as agricultural and industrial sectors. It also issues license for operations and revokes licenses of operators who defy regulatory measures. The agency’s functions also include promoting awareness of its programs to the public and other stakeholders and

US History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

US History - Essay Example Zinn occurs to point out how the wicked weaknesses of men may be conveyed and discerned through their approach of treating women. Regardless of disposition, apparently, it is the inherent consideration of men to govern and create their choice of perception freely which sets a state of disturbance in equilibrium for which history can be schemed against to distribute strength eventually in such a way as for developing societies to realize all the dues of women at an instant of being oppressed. In the process of addressing such imbalance of natures and share of control, the shaping of history bears witness to slavery which is not merely confined to gender but to color discrimination as well and the attributes of the oppressors who are chiefly males with mixed gender affiliates. Consequently, the political struggle in an intimate oppression of several forms, designating women as sex slaves, child bearers, servants, and companions, would amount to an amply great cause for women to take a gradual course of action. In resolving to put the people’s history in a context of inequality between sexes as the principal issue of crises across times, women are bound to make an impact through stories that indicate paths to achieving sensible ends with each personal battle. This, as it turns out, is for the world to understand that history, as a deadly tool, is more than a demonstration of established laws, economies, and industries according to potentials that reside in men. By inferring â€Å"It would be an exaggeration to say that women were treated equally with men; but they were treated with respect, and the communal nature of the society gave them a more important place†, Zinn likely takes the position of persuading his readers toward the belief that gender inequality matters with huge influence and serves as a chronic disease that can only be dealt with by a

Merit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Merit - Essay Example In the practical world, this will be unrealistic because people are used to the contrary. There will be many questions of human rights that will arise. From the ancient periods, it is difficult to measure what is considered equally just. In the contemporary situation, most people are rewarded on the basis of assumption and estimates. In the education sector, most students do not get what is rightfully theirs. Most students feel that the examination they do does not entail all that the syllabus covers. The examinations will only cover specific areas instead of the entire syllabus. Students feel discriminated because the exam might not cover their strong points hence they will fail. The exams must be set in a way that the students demonstrate what they have learnt. The examinations should also be done regularly and the results compiled. The system of doing examinations once in every semester does not give the students a chance to exhibit their strengths in many units. In some cases, th e ladies are given some exemptions when they are applying for certain courses (Rachel, 2010). From the ancient times, men used to get more rewards than the women because they used to do a lot of work. Women rights advocates came up with arguments that the women were being discriminated. This has led to the emergence of affirmative actions for the women.

Artificial Intelligence In Antivirus Detection System Computer Science Essay

Artificial Intelligence In Antivirus Detection System Computer Science Essay Abstract- Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have played increasingly important role in antivirus detection. At present, some principal artificial intelligence techniques applied in antivirus detection are proposed, including heuristic technique, data mining, agent technique, artificial immune, and artificial neural network. It believes that it will improve the performance of antivirus detection systems, and promote the production of new artificial intelligence algorithm and the application in antivirus detection to integrate antivirus detection with artificial intelligence. This paper introduces the main artificial intelligence technologies,especially Heuristic which have been applied in antivirus system. Meanwhile, it also points out a fact that combining all kinds of artificial intelligence technologies will become the main development trend in the field of antivirus. Keywords- Anti-virus,Artificial Intelligence,Data mining,Heuristic,Neural network Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science which deals with intelligence of machines where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximize its chances of success.It has numerous applications like robotics,medicine,Finance,Space. One of the most recent one is antivirus softwares. Here we give details regarding heuristic method used in antivirus software. Malware and its types Malware (malicious software) is software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the owners informed consent. Malware types We can distinguish quite few malicious software types. It is important to be aware that nevertheless all of them have similar purpose, each one behave differently. Viruses Worms Wabbits Trojan horses Exploits/Backdoors Spyware Due to different behaviour, each malware group uses alternative ways of being undetected. This forces anti-virus software producers to develop numerous solutions and countermeasures for computer protection. This paper focuses on methods used especially for virus detection, not necessarily effective against other types of malicious software. Infection Strategies To better understand how viruses are detected and recognized, it is essential to divide them by their infection ways. A. Non Resident Viruses The simplest form of viruses which dont stay in memory, but infect founded executable file and search for another to replicate. Resident viruses More complex and efficient type of viruses which stay in memory and hide their presence from other processes. Kind of TSR apps. Fast infectors type which is designed to infect as many files as possible. Slow infectors using stealth and encryption techniques to stay undetected outlast. Methods Used A. Metaheuristic Metaheuristic is a heuristic method for solving a very general class of computational problems by combining user-given black-box procedures in a hopefully efficient way. Metaheuristics are generally applied to problems for which there is no satisfactory problem-specific algorithm or heuristic. B. Heuristic Heuristic is a method to help solve a problem, commonly an informal method. It is particularly used to rapidly come to a solution that is reasonably close to the best possible answer. General Heuristics It is important to remember that metaheuristics are only ideas to solve a problem not a specific way to do that. List below shows main metaheuristics used for virus detection and recognition: Pattern matching Automatic learning Environment emulation Neural networks Data mining Bayes networks Hidden Markov models Concrete Heuristics Specific heuristics practically used in virus detection and recognition, are naturally inherited from metaheuristics. And so, for example concrete method for virus detection using neural networks can be implementation of SOM (Self Organizing Map). Neural Networks (metaheuristic) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ SOM (heuristic). The most popular, and one of most efficient heuristic used by anti-virus software is technique called Heuristic Scanning. Lacks in Specific Detection Great deal of modern viruses are only slightly changed versions of few conceptions developed years ago. Specific detection methods like signature scanning became very efficient ways of detecting known threats. Finding specific signature in code allows scanner to recognize every virus which signature has been stored in built-in database. BB ?2 B9 10 01 81 37 ?2 81 77 02 ?2 83 C3 04 E2 F2 FireFly virus signature(hexadecimal) Problem occurs when virus source is changed by a programmer or mutation engine. Signature is being malformed due to even minor changes. Virus may behave in an exactly same way but is undetectable due to new, unique signature. BB ?2 B9 10 01 81 37 ?2 81 A1 D3 ?2 01 C3 04 E2 F2 Malformed signature(hexadecimal) Heuristic Scanning We can recognise a virus without examining its structure by its behaviour and characteristics. Heuristic scanning in its basic form is implementation of three metaheuristics: Pattern matching Automatic learning Environment emulation The basic idea of heuristic scanning is to examine assembly language instruction sequences(step-by-step) and qualify them by their potential harmfulness. If there are sequences behaving suspiciously, program can be qualified as a virus. The phenomenon of this method is that it actually detects threats that arent yet known! Fig1. Examination of assembly language sequence A. Recognising Potential Threat In real anti-virus software, heuristic scanning is implemented to recognize threats by following built-in rules, e.g. if program tries to format hard drive its behaviour is highly suspicious but it can be only simple disk utility. Singular suspicion is never a reason to trigger the alarm. But if the same program also tries to stay resident and contains routine tosearch for executables, it is highly probable that its a real virus. AV software very often classifies sequences by their behaviour granting them a flag. Every flag has its weight, if total values for one program exceeds a predefined threshold, scanner regards it as virus. Fig.2. Single-layer classifier with threshold Heuristics Flags Some scanners set a flag for each suspected ability which has been found in the file being analyzed. This makes it easier to explain to the user what has been found. TbScan for instance recognizes many suspected instruction sequences. Every suspected instruction sequence has a flag assigned to it. A. Flag Description: F = Suspicious file access. Might be able to infect a file. R = Relocator. Program code will be relocated in a suspicious way. A = Suspicious Memory Allocation. The program uses a non-standard way to search for, and/or allocate memory. N = Wrong name extension. Extension conflicts with program structure. S = Contains a routine to search for executable (.COM or .EXE) files. # = Found an instruction decryption routine. This is common for viruses but also for some protected software. E = Flexible Entry-point. The code seems to be designed to be linked on any location within an executable file. Common for viruses. L = The program traps the loading of software. Might be a virus that intercepts program load to infect the software. D = Disk write access. The program writes to disk without using DOS. M = Memory resident code. This program is designed to stay in memory. ! = Invalid opcode (non-8088 instructions) or out-of-range branch. T = Incorrect timestamp. Some viruses use this to mark infected files. J = Suspicious jump construct. Entry point via chained or indirect jumps. This is unusual for normal software but common for viruses. ? = Inconsistent exe-header. Might be a virus but can also be a bug. G = Garbage instructions. Contains code that seems to have no purpose other than encryption or avoiding recognition by virus scanners. U = Undocumented interrupt/DOS call. The program might be just tricky but can also be a virus using a non-standard way to detect itself. Z = EXE/COM determination. The program tries to check whether a file is a COM or EXE file. Viruses need to do this to infect a program. O = Found code that can be used to overwrite/move a program in memory. B = Back to entry point. Contains code to re-start the program after modifications at the entry-point are made. Very usual for viruses. K = Unusual stack. The program has a suspicious stack or an odd stack. Avoiding False Positives Just like all other generic detection techniques, heuristic scanners sometimes blame innocent programs for being contaminated by a virus. This is called a false positive or False Alarm. The reason for this is simple. Some programs happen to have several suspected abilities. If a heuristic scanner pops up with a message saying: This program is able to format a disk and it stays resident in memory, and the program is a resident disk format utility, is this really a false alarm? Actually, the scanner is right. A resident format utility obviously contains code to format a disk, and it contains code to stay resident in memory. The heuristic scanner is therefore completely right! You could name it a false suspicion, but not a false positive. The only problem here is that the scanner says that it might be a virus. If you think the scanner tells you it has found a virus, it turns out to be a false alarm. However, if you take this information as is, saying ok, the facts you reported are true for this program, I can verify this so it is not a virus, I wouldnt count it as a false alarm. The scanner just tells the truth. The main problem here is the person who has to make decisions with the information supplied by the scanner. If it is a novice user, it is a problem. Whether we call it a false positive or a false suspicion doesnt matter. We do not like the scanner to yell every time we scan. So we need to avoid this situation. How do we achieve this? Definition of (combinations of) suspicious abilities Recognition of common program codes Recognition of specific programs Assumption that the machine is initially not infected Performance of Heuristics Scanning Heuristics is a relatively new technique and still under development. It is however gaining importance rapidly. This is not surprising as heuristic scanners are able to detect over 90% of the viruses without using any predefined information like signatures or checksum values. The amount of false positives depends on the scanner, but a figure as low as 0.1% can be reached easily. A false positive test however is more difficult to perform so there are no independent results available. Pros and Cons A. Advantages Can detect future viruses. User is less dependent on product updates. B. Disadvantages False positives are possible. Judgment of the result requires some basic knowledge. Conclusions Thus, artificial intelligence technique helps improving the performance of antivirus softwares. This detection-avoiding method makes detection by conventional anti-virus products easier because it means that the programmer can not use very tight and straight code. The virus writer will be forced to write more complex viruses. Thus artificial intelligence increases the threat to virus writers. Acknowledgment I hereby thank Ms.Padmapriya for encouraging and helping us for the submission of this paper

virtues :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Ten Commandments, Seven Deadly Sins, Seven Virtues, and the Attitudes are the sets of laws that people base their lives around in becoming good Christians. Each set of the laws affect a Christian individual, more than any other because of the laws are rooted to the bible and Christian beliefs. So, a Christian individuals knowingly or unknowingly bases what they do in life around these sets of law. The Ten Commandments and seven deadly sins tell an individual on what they are not supposed to do. The Seven Virtues and the attitudes tell an individual on what they must do and how they can combat the deadly sins. However, even though some of the laws are outdated they still play a role in how we act. Each set of laws has its own distinct characteristic, for example some tell people what not to do in their lives and some tell people what to do in their lives and how to live their lives. The Seven Virtues are separated into two different types of virtues. They are Theological and Cardinal Virtues, and they can be defined as the heart of our moral life. Virtues are healthy, good habits that help us to do well and empower us to become what God wants us to be. These personal qualities emphasize that who we are affects what we do. There are two types of virtues, Theological and Cardinal virtues. Theological Virtues: The theological virtues can be defined as gifts from God that empower us to be good so that we may do good. The three theological virtues are love, hope and faith. These are the three virtues that will combat the three of the deadly sins pride, envy and wrath. Also the reaming four out of the seven deadly sins being lust, greed, sloth and gluttony are combated by four Cardinal Virtues justice, prudence, temperance, and fortitude. While one set of laws tells a person what things to avoid in their lives to live a good Christian life, the other sets tells us how a person may combat these desire and what they can do to live a good Christian life. These sets of laws even effect individual who are not of Christian background. Over time these laws have been translated and absorbed into many other religions and affect many others in a different way.

Favourite music channel Essay

Sitting in the all alone sipping at her chilled root beer, Natalie watched her favourite music channel. The lights were off and the volume low as she was babysitting her little sister, who was fast asleep in the dead of the night.  Natalie was staring at the TV in a gaze, like a tiger watching it’s prey until it falls into it’s trap; eyes fixed, yet the slightest movement or sound could trigger an upheaval. She was disturbed by the alarm of the microwave, and with a slight groan, she rested her can and lifted herself off the deep-set couch, which sprang back once she had left. Arriving back, munching at her salted popcorn she sat back into her seat that once again sunk down. With a sigh of relief she gazed at the television screen. She munched away and took another sip of her root beer, which was not very cold anymore. She was disturbed once again by the sound of the phone; she couldn’t be bothered to answer it, however she knew it would awaken her sister. With a depressed attitude she answered,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes?†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hello dear how are you?† It was her mother.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Fine,† she replied with a distorted voice as she shoved another handful of popcorn in her mouth.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Is Bianca asleep?†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes,† once again using a miserable tone.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Well dear, we will be back in a few hours, if your father ever decides to stop talking with everyone he sees.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I don’t mind, take as long as you want,† this time with a much more civil manner, as she knew full well, that the longer her parents were away the better.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Okay darling take care, remember don’t stay up too late!†. After hearing the dialling tone, she slammed down the receiver and got out of her seat, which took a while as it had sunk too far down. With the bowl of popcorn in her hand, she headed for the kitchen. She refilled it vigorously until it was in a mountainous shape, where one slight jolt would set off an avalanche of popcorn. With a rather slow yet forceful tug she opened the refrigerator door and pulled off another can of root beer.  Entering the living room she placed the items on the table beside her. While taking her seat, the phone rang again.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hello,† She said with convivial speech. There was a pause for a few seconds.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There is a man walking down your road.† The anonymous voice whispered. â€Å"Whatever!† She replied, and put the receiver down harshly, clearly annoyed by the anonymous prankster. Natalie sat there snug on the sofa, slippers off, knees up and kept lightly grinding away at her popcorn that was still at an adequate level. A few minutes later, after being wedged securely into her MTV program, she was again interrupted by another phone call. Although she had very high feelings that is was the anonymous prankster she decided to answer it.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hello.† She said abruptly.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sorry to bother you again dear,† her mother said, hardly in a sympathetic approach,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I had forgotten to tell you, that I have left you a few slices of pizza from yesterday’s meal, it’s on the top shelf of the fridge, if you begin to become a little hungry that is.† Natalie sighed,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah, thanks mum.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Is every thing all right dear?† Her mum asked in a concerned voice.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah†¦everything’s fine.† She replied, still mentally immovable from her program.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Good, call me if you need to. Okay†¦bye†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Wait!† She shouted, not realising Bianca was sleeping.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"What?†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A man just called, and pranked us, for a joke I think.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"That happens all the time, don’t worry about it.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Okay, I’ll try. What shall I do if he calls again?†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Then†¦threaten him, say you’ll call the police†¦that usually works.† â€Å"All right then, I guess I’ll see you later.† She put down the receiver. Leaving her program, she set off once again, this time to check on Bianca. As she got up from her seat she glanced at the clock it was a quarter past eleven. As she ascended up the rather steep staircase, which creaked on every footstep taken, she yawned profoundly and stretched her arms wide out as if she was reaching back for her root beer and popcorn. She approached the final step when the phone rang again. She ran through the landing into her parents’ room and answered the phone, which lay on the bedside table.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hello.† She said with a gasp for some air.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There is a man outside your house.† It was once again the anonymous prankster.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Listen, you better stop, or†¦I’ll†¦I’ll call the police!† She said at full volume, not caring the slightest about Bianca, who was sleeping in the room opposite.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There is a man outside your living room window.† He said gloomily yet softly. â€Å"Please, just leave me alone or I†¦I really will call the police.† Her voice was now breaking down and emotions were getting to her, she was getting scared. She didn’t know whether to put the phone down and check if there really was somebody outside or whether she should stay and hope that this was just a sick joke.  The prankster was laughing sadistically. Tears started to form in Natalie’s eyes, as something silently crept up behind her. Too terrified to turn around she closed them and whispered,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Please, I told you to leave me alone!† The tears were now running down her cheeks.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why are you crying?† It was Bianca; she had awoken to the noise.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, nothing.† She had turned around now and was wiping her tears with one hand as the other was still on the receiver. How could Natalie tell her what was really happening. â€Å"How, very comforting,† the anonymous man remarked sarcastically. â€Å"There is now a man inside your house.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, SHUT UP WILL YOU!† She screamed. Disturbed by the uproar, Bianca also started to break out a cry.  Natalie slammed down the receiver and grabbed hold of her. She hugged and calmed her down; she wiped the tears from her eyes and told her that everything was going to be okay. Natalie had now turned from being a lazy slouch to a caring mother like figure. Bianca ran into her room switched on the light with a sharp snap and opened cupboard, which made a dragging groan as she forcefully slid it out. Meanwhile Natalie, in a panic shut all the windows and doors. She desperately looked for her car keys in her room but she couldn’t find them. She was planning to leave the house and take off with Bianca to one of her friend’s house. She opened her wardrobe and quickly changed from her slippers to her trainers.  Returning back to Bianca’s room, the cupboard door was open but she had disappeared. Natalie checked all the rooms carefully and there was no sign of her. She shouted her name but there was no reply. Natalie started panicking even more now and was breaking down into tears, â€Å"Bianca!† She shouted, running down the stairs. There was still no reply. She searched everywhere except the living room, not bearing in mind what the anonymous prankster had said, nor wondering about whether he was even in the house. Natalie was determined to find her sister no matter whatever happens. She entered the living room via the kitchen and searched under tables and curtains. It was silent as ever except for Natalie trying to catch her breath, until she realised. Before coming upstairs to check on her sister, she remembered her can of root beer being on the table and her precipitous bowl of popcorn along side it. And most of all her MTV music channel on the top twenty countdown, all was gone, maybe it was Bianca, however Natalie knew it was a situation where there was no precious time to lose. This led only to one final conclusion; the anonymous prankster was inside the house.

Practical Criticism of the Poem Futility by Wilfred Owen Essay

The poem begins with an order â€Å"move him into the sun†. The persona seems to be desperate to move someone under the sun. The second line talks about the beginning of life when the rays of the sun must have touched the delicate body of the person as a baby. The following words â€Å"field unsown† refers to immaturity, incomplete life or a half grown state. It acts as a metaphor on the cycle of life. The persona continues to speak about the regular behavior of the person. He seemed to have been acquainted with the sun and life as well â€Å"until this morning† The words act as symbols of contrasts. Whereas the morning and the sun act as symbols of life, snow refers to death and gloom. The last two lines of the first stanza refer to sun as an elderly figure. It is significant through the words â€Å"pld sun†. In the second stanza, the persona talks about the strength of sun. While the sun once brought life to the cold barren earth, it appears unacceptable to the persona that the same sun cannot bring life in the lifeless young soldier. The persona directs the reader towards war and its consequences. He tells the reader that the soldier is still warm. He feels helpless to see the wrecked state of a human being who bears no significance after his death. He is sad at his condition. The reference made to the Genesis and the creation of man from the clay can be seen in the fifth line of the second stanza. He complains that was it for this day that the human being grew up having been created by the Lord himself. The poem is an epitaph considering its style of construction. A melancholic and bitter tone is being carried out. a person , most probably a soldier is a young lad lies in battle field in a half dead condition. The themes such as the brutality of life and the pitiable consequences of war can be observed through the lines. In a nutshell the poem appears an intellectual criticism of war and its horrific consequences.

Text Analysis with Systemic Functional Grammar Framework

Text Analysis with Systemic Functional Grammar Framework Text for Analysis Susan: Why don’t you want to go there with me, Teddy?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Text Analysis with Systemic Functional Grammar Framework specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Theodore: Well You see Sue, I’m not really sure that I should. Besides, you are a smart girl and can do that on your own. Susan: But I thought we were going to the Jarreds’ together. And now Now I do not want to go either. Susan: Maybe I should call them and tell that we fell ill and this can be influenza?! Theodore: Don’t, honey. They are waiting for you! And I Susan: You have to come with me! You are my boyfriend and I want my friends to know that and accept my decision. Theodore: But, Sue They don’t like me and we both know it. One doesn’t need to be a genius to know that. Look at yourself and look at me: We are from different galaxies and all your friends think so too. Did you ever notice how your friends look at me when I stand aside? No? And I did And I didn’t like that at all. At all! Maybe you can be more successful if you find someone who fits you perfectly?Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Susan: Someone from the same galaxy? Don’t be ridiculous, Ted! I do not want to find a perfect match and don’t want to be judged by my friends. I like you and want to be with you. Isn’t that enough? Theodore: Yes Well, no I don’t know what you mean. I think that you could just go without me to that stupid party Susan: So, now you think it stupid! Hah! I thought so. You don’t want to meet with my friends and do not try to make them like you. You just sit and moan, walk and moan, lie and moan. What do you want me to do? Maybe I should have told them to like you, shouldn’t I? Of course! I should have taken you the re and told them to be nice with you. But you are not a little boy and should take care of yourself. (She went out and slammed the door). The Genre and the Cultural Context Variables As the text is a composed one, it can be characterised in accordance with genre peculiarities as a fiction romantic novel (Eggins, 2004, p.56) where two main characters are involved in a dialogue. Besides, this can be treated as a dialogue between two people who have a romantic affair. It is obvious from the context that they are of different social status or have unequal background. Munro (2008) explores researches by Halliday and other prominent linguists of the era concerning the concept of linguistics and of grammar in particular. In this respect, Halliday (2002) suggested a complicated analysis of grammar related to semiotics hence developing research on multi-functional nature and structure of language. Thus, the cultural peculiarities of the text under analysis cannot be defined. However, the bas ic information can be retrieved from this text. For instance, the dialogue takes place between two people of different genders and none of them tries to take the role of another; a man and a woman have some differences in social position and do not have great difference in age.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Text Analysis with Systemic Functional Grammar Framework specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The target readers of this passage are adults and young adults as the conversation in the text takes place between two adults. Men as well as women can be target readers of this text because it is only a passage. So, it can be a part of another text with another context. Thus, it can be a dialogue retrieved from a romance novel or romance detective story. At the same time, this can be a kind of lyrical digression in a story aimed at male reading audience. The text does not propagate any ideological ideas or concepts. The b asic idea in this excerpt concerns the relationships between men and women and complexity in understanding each other. The text enlarges on ideas and beliefs of people and their expectations of relationships with other members of the same community. The words like ‘stupid’ mentioned by the male character concerning the party can be considered as those assessing the category of people to which his girlfriend belongs. Table 1. Semantic choices illustrating beliefs and values Susan Theodore inability to make sound decisions: I do not want to go either; call them and tell that we fell ill and this can be influenza; want my friends toaccept my decision; wants everything to be done as she wants have to come with me; I thought we were going to the Jarreds’ together Don’t be ridiculous; So, now you think it stupid! Hah! I thought so! is not ready to compromise but wants to have everything I like you and want to be with you. Isn’t that enough? You don’t want to meet with my friends; [You] do not try to make them like you. I should have told them to like you lack of self confidence Well You see; I’m not really sure; And I; But, Sue; They don’t like me; i didn’t like that; Yes Well, no I don’t know; opposes her position and the one of his own you are a smart girl; Look at yourself and look at me; We are from different galaxies; [you] can do that on your own; you can be more successful; you find someone who fits you perfectly thinks that everyone understands his problems and waits for sympathy all your friends think so too They are waiting for you and we both know it; Did you ever notice; I think that you could just go without me Description of Experiential Meanings The most verbs are used in the function of material, behavioural, and identifying meaning hence signalling about the material nature of the conversation. There are many negations in the text that identify the inability o f two people to compromise and find a sound decision. Thus, excessive use of â€Å"want† and â€Å"should† with and without a negative particle meaning that the problems concerns expectations, ability, necessity, and desire to make some actions. The following table introduces this situation: Table 2. Experiential meanings: Identification of processesAdvertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More MATERIAL BEHAVIORAL MENTAL VERBAL RELATIONAL Identifying attributive Go See Call Are waiting Accept Loot Look Did notice Look Stand Find Fits find Be judged Do not try Make them like Sit Walk Lie Have taken Take care Went slammed Want Were going Do not want Want Don’t like Didn’t like Do not want Don’t want Like Want to be Don’t want Dowant thought know know think don’t know thought Tell Moan Moan Moan Should have told Told should can do Don’t should have to come doesn’t need are did can be successful be do shouldn’t should should am not sure are a girl can be influenza fell ill are my boyfriend be a genius don’t be ridiculous isn’t enough be nice are not a boy Description of Interpersonal Meanings, Power Relations, and Modality The identification of participants appears to influence largely on the identification of discourse. In this respect, the main topics of concern of participants are her friends and his unwillingness to compromise. In this respect, it is possible to suggests that this is a couple of people who are not married and who try to build their relations. There are many aspects and hidden conflicts that interfere with their feelings and true emotions. Table 3: Participants MATERIAL PROCESS MENTAL PROCESS actor goal/range/beneficiary senser phenomenon Go Call Tell Are waiting Accept Look Look Did notice Look I stand Find Fits find Be judged Do not try Make them like Sit Walk Lie Have taken Take care Went slammed There with me Them (to tell) That we fell ill For you (to come) My decision At yourself At me How your friends look At me Aside find someone who fits you perfectly a perfect match by my friends to make them like you you and moan and moan and moan you there of yourself out the door thought know know think don’t know think thought going to the Jarreds’ together that you are my boyfriend that they don’t like me so too what you mean that y ou could go without me so BEHAVIORAL behaver phenomenon Want Were going Do not want Want Don’t like Didn’t like Do not want Don’t want Like Want to be Don’t want Dowant To go there To the Jarreds’ To go either My friends to know Me (the way they stared) To find a match To be judged You With you To meet Me to do VERBAL PROCESS RELATIONAL PROCESS sayer verbiage receiver Id fd / carr. Id fr / attr Tell Moan Moan Moan Should have told Told Influenza }protest Imperative (to make them like him) To be nice with her boyfriend Them His girlfriend Them (friends) Them (her friends) should can do Don’t should have to come doesn’t need are did can be successful be do shouldn’t should should am not sure are a girl can be influenza fell ill are my boyfriend be a genius don’t be ridiculous isn’t enough be nice are not a boy The text is based on interrogative and negative forms to emphasise the importance of the conflict and frequency of using mutual reproaches in the conversation. Both participants of the dialogue use incomplete sentences but the male character uses those incomplete sentences more often than the female signalling about shifted roles and her dominance on their couple. Description of Textual Meanings and Textual Coherence The clauses are not always organised in the way when a ‘theme’ occurs in the initial position as there are functional words in the initial position whereas a certain meaning is attributed to the initial position of a clause in a sentence. Thus, Rose (2001 as cited in Mushin Baker, p. 34) suggests that the ‘theme’ refers to â€Å"this is what I’m talking about† while the ‘rheme’ is treated as â€Å"this is what I’m saying about it†. The use of various types of grammar is emphasised in the study by O’Halloran (2011, p.19) where the author analyses the political debates. Any type of conversation where more than one person is enrolled requires more complicated grammar. In this respect, the text under analysis can be characterized with the help of systemic functional grammar framework. Fawcett (2000) suggests a few principles of treating the theory of systemic grammar with a branch of syntax. The textual interactivity of the text is very high as both characters use hesitators, pauses, and repetitions. For instance, ‘Well You see’, ‘And now Now I do not want to go either’, ‘And i didn’t like that at all. At all!’, ‘Yes Well, no I don’t know what you mean’. Spontaneity of the text is obvious as there are many phrases with irregular structure and those where a nominal group is absent. Even those phrases that should have been built in accordance with coordination of sentences were separated to make the text more emotionally coloured and make those pauses more meaningful. The text is coherent becaus e it has a beginning, a climax, and a dà ©nouement. All facts are presented in a clear way and explained by characters with the help of introduction of a conflict and mutual reproaches. Classroom Applicability of This Text The text can be used in the class for analysis because it has different grammatical forms, means of expression, and stylistic devices. Before introducing this text for analysis in classroom, it is necessary to discuss different situations that can occur between people that have various relationships. It would be great to provide students with examples of situations and ask them to characterise the mood of each situation. For instance, even positive lexical units can be used in the situation marked with negative mood and vice versa. In this respect, lesson objectives and tasks can be the following: Read the text and assess the situation given. Try to give constructive feedback on the content of the text. Critically evaluate the actions and cues of characters; Ana lyse the characters and relations between them. Identify the level of intimacy between characters and their social distance (implicitly or explicitly shown in the text). Evaluate the usage of the words with positive and negative connotation and identify the effect produced by non-typical use of words with certain connotation; Identify the mood of the text (the whole text if the mood did not change in the course of the story or mood of each part if the mood changed in the story); Mark contacted forms and explain their meaning. Trace those cases when a contacted form is used in the same phrase as the full one. Explain such use of contracted forms and effects produced with the help of this technique. Assess the frequency of using short and full forms and emotional colouring of those cases. Reference List Eggins, S. (2004). An introduction to systemic functional linguistics. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. Fawcett, R. P. (2000). A theory of syntax for systemic functio nal linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Halliday, M.A.K. (2002). On grammar. London: Continuum. Munro, R. A. (2008). Probabilistic representation of systemic functional grammar. London: Endangered Languages Archive Department of Linguistics School of Oriental and African Studies University of London. Mushin, I., Baker, B. J. (2008). Discourse and grammar in Australian languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. O’Halloran, K. L. (in press 2011). Multimodal discourse analysis. In K. Hyland and B. Paltridge (eds.). Companion to Discourse. London and New York: Continuum. Retrieved from http://multimodal-analysis-lab.org/_docs/pubs14-OHalloran%28in%20press%202011%29-Multimodal_Discourse_Analysis.pdf

Macbeth Act 1, Scene 5, Act 1, Scene 7 and Act 5, Scene 1 Essays

Macbeth Act 1, Scene 5, Act 1, Scene 7 and Act 5, Scene 1 Essays Macbeth Act 1, Scene 5, Act 1, Scene 7 and Act 5, Scene 1 Paper Macbeth Act 1, Scene 5, Act 1, Scene 7 and Act 5, Scene 1 Paper and this is important because at the beginning of the play, Macbeth was the stronger one hail brave friend. Macbeth doesnt like the idea that he has to turn evil to become king because he realizes that there are serious downsides to the murder. Lady Macbeth uses her power over Macbeth to terrorize him into committing the murder and this once again makes Macbeth feel more and more weak. In Act 1 scene 7, there are two parts, the first one is Macbeths soliloquy, and the second is the conversation between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In the soliloquy, Macbeth is very negative and sees the act of becoming king in all its glory. He realises that there is a big disadvantage in following what the witches have told him but only vaulting ambition, which oer leaps itself and falls on th other. In the dialogue, Lady Macbeth is bullying him into committing the murder and because at this point Lady Macbeth is the more powerful of the two, she persuades him to kill the king. There is a change in Macbeths decision in both the soliloquy and the dialogue, the change in the soliloquy is when Macbeth says first as his kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed; then as his host, who against his murderer shut the door not to bear the knife myself because he was going to commit the murder, and now he realizes that killing the king is not right. The change in the dialogue is when Macbeth says, bring forth men children only this is important because just before hand he had persuaded himself not to commit the murder and now he is going to go through with it. It is also important because Lady Macbeth wanted to have a part in the murder but Macbeth says that only men should do what he is about to do. Different people can understand the language in Macbeth in many different ways. Actors, who have to work out how they are going to play their part, need to know when to stress certain words and what they need to be doing. Shakespeare writes in old English and therefore actors in the present day, need to decide how they want their part to be understood by the audience. In the dialogue, Macbeth says to Lady Macbeth if we should fail? and then she says back to him we fail? because different copies of the story are rewritten by different people, the we fail? said by Lady Macbeth can be found written with an exclamation mark at the end of it. The whole of this scene is about regicide and that Macbeth has a lot of pride which means that, even if he knows athat it will be a failure in the future, he is powerless to do anything about it at present b ecause he wants the throne, as he has been told he will get the throne and cant wait for it to come to him. Macbeth knows that he wont be able to keep the fact that hes the murderer a secret for ever, and he tells us this in his soliloquy, but Lady Macbeth in her own wicked way bullies Macbeth into murdering the king. Macbeth is powerless against Lady Macbeth and she uses this to her advantage because anything she says, Macbeth will do. She tells Macbeth that he will come out of this successfully but screw your courage to the sticking-place and well not fail. In Act 5 Scene 1, Lady Macbeths character has transformed. She sleepwalks, and is haunted by the horror of what she and her husband have carried out. A doctor has been called because of her worrying behaviour. She repeatedly tries to clean her hands, as her gentlewoman tells us, and mumbles about the murders, which seem to torture her with guilt. She thinks her hands are still covered with the blood of Duncan, and yet all her attempts to clean them do not remove the blood; Out, damned spot! Out, I say! Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him? All her pleas in Act 1 Scene 5 to the evil spirits havent prevented her from feeling remorse. Her doubts about herself seem to have been justified she has been driven mad by the subsequent events. Again, she makes comments similar to those of Macbeth about the blood on her hands, saying; Heres the smell of blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand, Macbeth says; Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. Clearly, the guilt felt for Duncans murder, represented by his blood, stays with Lady Macbeth and her husband for the duration of the play, and hangs heavily on their minds. On three occasions during Act 5 Scene 1, Lady Macbeth mentions, in her agitated state, all the murders that Macbeth has carried out. I have already mentioned the comment about Duncans murder (the old man). When remembering the murder of Macduffs family, Lady Macbeth says; The Thane of Fife had a wife: where is she now? She also seems to be petrified that Banquo will rise from the dead to haunt her, and to comfort herself says; Banquos buried; he cannot come out on s grave. Lady Macbeth is evidently plagued by all the murders. When Macbeth says earlier in the play; Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep the innocent sleep. (Act 2 Scene 2), he accurately describes the desperate state of Lady Macbeth in Act 5 Scene 1. Her sleep is not innocent, but simply a time for her brain to re-live the awful events which have passed. Her authentic fear in this scene is a contrast to the anticipation evident in Act 1 Scene 5, where she is willing herself on. Now, she honestly regrets the murders, but knows Whats done cannot be undone. Her true feelings about the murders are revealed and there is no longer a masking of her conscience, as she wanted before. She now has an understanding of the real meanings of good and evil, and feels much guilt. In Act 5 Scene 1, blood is referred to as an evil, horrid liquid, which clings as a constant reminder of murder and death; Heres the smell of blood still. This is unlike in Act 1 Scene 5, where blood is viewed by Lady Macbeth as a driving force behind her and her husbands success; make thick my blood. (Act 1 Scene 5). Perhaps this shift in Lady Macbeths opinion of blood shows how she now realises the true horror of murder, whereas before she had no first-hand experience of it, and therefore mistakenly judged the act lightly. She thought she could cope with the situation, but even with the aid of the supernatural, it is clear that she could not. Before, in Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth appealed to darkness to mask the murder from her conscience, like a comforter and protector. In Act 5 Scene 1, Lady Macbeth regards darkness as frightening, not as comforting; Hell is murky! This is yet another example of Lady Macbeth being hounded by her guilt; she realises that she is doomed to reside in hell after her death, and darkness is something that reminds her of this terrible fate. The tone of Lady Macbeths speech in Act 5 Scene 1 is completely different to that of Act 1 Scene 5. She mumbles, falling over her words, as if speaking before she has thought. She bears all, and does not worry, or even notice, that the doctor and gentlewoman are there. This is very different to Act 1 Scene 5, where her words are carefully structured and deliberate. The speech of Act 5 Scene 1 has no purpose, whereas in Act 1 Scene 5 it was demanding and insistent. Shakespeare cleverly changes his use of verse form into that of prose for Lady Macbeth, as if she was an inferior part in the play. This use of prose shows the audience she is rambling, illogical and mad now. Her words in Act 5 Scene 1 flow as in a train of thought, and phrases are repeated many times, to emphasise her madness; Come, come, come, come, give me your hand. Sentences are left unfinished and often make no sense; One; two: why, then tis time to do t. The doctor makes a very appropriate comment at the end of this scene; Unnatural deeds do breed unnatural troubles; infected minds to their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets. More needs she the divine than physician. In other words, Lady Macbeths invocation of the supernatural (unnatural) spirits, and her husbands evil actions, have caused her to go mad (infected minds). The doctor admits he cannot help. At the beginning, Lady Macbeth finds strength from the supernatural to entice Macbeth to murder Duncan and to go through with the murder herself. As time advances though, her pretended strength diminishes as she fights the torments of her conscience. Lady Macbeths attempts to suppress her conscience fail, and blame engulfs and destabilizes her. In the end, she chooses death because she can no longer bear the torments of her guilt. The dramatic transformation of such a pivotal character adds suspense to the play, and also delivers a moral message to the audience (which included King James I, who had a personal interest in witchcraft); that the pursuit of witchcraft, murder and evildoing can only lead to downfall. It also reveals a slightly different view of the fiend-like queen, showing us that she feels remorse, and is defenceless to it, like any other person. In the 16th century the audience was not like it is today. People in general believed in witches. It was thought that they were a real presence. Magic was a common subject and quite normal. However, witches were also thought to be evil and were therefore killed. An example of this was The Witch Trials where James I executed hundreds of young women because they were thought to be witches. However, in the 21st century, there is a completely different concept of witches. Magic is no longer believed in. therefore, witches are now an aspect of fiction. Any outside influence that cannot be explained is not said to be magic or luck, it is explained to us by psychiatrists to be some kind of phenomena of the human mind. This means basically that it is of our own imaginations. In conclusion, the ways that the scenes would be presented to an Elizabethan audience are very realistic and scary. By scary, I mean that as the Elizabethans believed in witches, they feared them. So, when I present the witches and their familiars, it would be scary to this audience. However, this varies greatly from the way in which I would present the scenes to a contemporary audience. This being that everything is presented on a sub-conscious level. This is more acceptable to the society of today. Anything that is not quickly explained away is a threat to the stability of our society. If a seemingly abnormal occurrence cannot be explained as some kind of experience, people begin to feel at risk and scared. This feeling of insecurity has always been covered up through the different eras by different beliefs and commonly accepted ideas. If there were not a solid belief, we would be thrown into chaos and confusion. Everyone would question everything and life would become very frantic. Just as it does in the final scenes of Macbeth-when he dies.